geoffrey modest medical blogs

  a recent article assessed long-term vascular risk factors associated with future incident dementia, quantifying the early presence of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking to the subsequent development of dementia both before and after age 80, taking into account apolipoprotein ε4, and calculating the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for these risk factors individually and in combination: see   dementia early risk for later dementia JamaNeuro2025  in dropbox or doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1495 Details : -- 7731 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk and Communities (ARIC) study with 33 years of follow-up from 1987 to 2020, in the current ARIC-NCS study (ARIC-Neurocognitive Study)     -- this study included participants from Jackson, Mississippi; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Minneapolis suburbs, Minnesota; and Washington County, Maryland     -- these sites reflected significant diversity in terms of socioeconomic factors, including rac...

  A prospective cohort study assessed the risk factors for young onset dementia in the UK (see   dementia young onset risk factors JAMAneuro2024  in dropbox, or doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.4929)   Details : -- 356,052 participants for England, Scotland, and Wales in the UK Biobank were assessed from 2006-2019 -- all were younger than 65 and without a dementia diagnosis at baseline; those over the 65 or dementia baseline were excluded -- 39 potential risk factors were identified from systematic reviews of late-onset dementia (LOD) and young-onset dementia (YOD), in the following domains:     -- sociodemographic: education, social economic status, sex     -- genetic factors: apolipoprotein E (APOE e4 alleles)     -- lifestyle factors: physical activity, alcohol use, alcohol use disorder, smoking, diet, cognitive activity, social isolation, marriage     -- environmental factors: nitrogen oxide, particulate...