long-term microbiome effects after taking even occasional antibiotics
a very recent article evaluated three Swedish databases to evaluate antibiotic use and the subsequent development of long-term profound gut microbiome dysbiosis, which can be associated with many human diseases: see antibiotic microbiome change 8 yrs NatureMed2026 in the dropbox, or https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04284-y Details : -- this multicenter confounder-adjusted Swedish study involved 14,979 adults from 3 data sets, with assessment by fecal deep-shotgun metagenomics: -- Swedish CArdiopulmonary bioImage Study ( SCAPIS , n= 8488), a random sample of residents in areas adjacent to 6 academic hospitals, between 2013 and 2018 -- mean age 57, 50% female, never smoker 53%/former smoker 34%/current smoker 12% -- education: compulsory 9%/upper secondary 44%/university 46% -- born in Scandinavia 90% ...