soft drinks increase depression by microbiome change
An impressive study found that the soft drink consumption was associated with major depression disorder as well as the intensity of symptom severity, specifically in women (see depression soft drink change in microbiome JAMApsych2025 in dropbox, or doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.2579) Details : -- a multi-center cohort study conducted in Germany using cross-sectional data from the Marburg-Munster Affective Cohort -- 405 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared to 527 healthy controls -- mean age 36 (nonsignificant difference of 36.37 if MDD and 35.33 in controls), 66% female (nonsignificant difference of 67.9% if MDD and 65.5% in controls) -- Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) 8.75 if MDD and 1.56 in healthy controls (p<0.001); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 16.83 if MDD and 4.17 in healthy controls (p<0.001) -- BMI 25 (26.04 if MDD and 24.08 in healthy controls, p<0.001); total calorie intake 21.52 kcal (no differen...